Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression after combined anti-HIV-1 interleukin-2 therapy.

Methods: We determined CC-chemokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemokine receptor expression using FACS analysis or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in samples from patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) supplemented with low doses of recombinant IL-2. Results were compared with a control group of patients receiving HAART.

Results: Serum levels of RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta, and the production of these chemokines by unstimulated and stimulated PBMC, were not modified by IL-2 administration. In contrast, the IL-2-treated group showed increased expression of CXC-chemokine receptor (CXCR)-4 in the CD4 T-cell subset after 24 weeks of treatment, which was associated with increased mRNA levels. A lower increase was observed in CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)-5 expression by CD4 T cells. No modifications in the expression of these receptors were observed in monocytes and no general increases were observed in mRNA levels of chemokine receptors CCR-1, CCR-2b and CCR-3 in IL-2-treated patients.

Conclusion: Serum levels of RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta, and the production of these chemokines by unstimulated and stimulated PBMC, were not modified by IL-2 administration. In contrast, the IL-2-treated group showed increased expression of CXC-chemokine receptor (CXCR)-4 in the CD4 T-cell subset after 24 weeks of treatment, which was associated with increased mRNA levels. A lower increase was observed in CC-chemokine receptor (CCR)-5 expression by CD4 T cells. No modifications in the expression of these receptors were observed in monocytes and no general increases were observed in mRNA levels of chemokine receptors CCR-1, CCR-2b and CCR-3 in IL-2-treated patients.